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The October 25, 2022 there moon will stand between the Sun and the Land staging one of the most spectacular astronomical events ever, a ‘solar eclipse. Which in our country it will be partialwith a percentage of covered solar diameter that will range from 29% about (in northern Italy) al 22% about (in the south). The eclipse will begin shortly after eleven in the morning and will last about two hours: not being total, as we said, we will not see the night fall suddenly, but we will certainly be able to appreciate a significant decrease in sunlight. Since our eyes are particularly capable of compensating for changes in brightness, to perceive the beginning of the eclipse without looking directly at the Sun, some precautions can be taken: for example, taking a reference point, such as a building, and looking at it at regular intervals from the beginning of the eclipse to pay attention to the changes in lighting . If you are unable to follow the event from a favorable position, you can connect to the website of Virtual Telescopewhich will follow the eclipse in live streaming with the comment of the astrophysicist Gianluca Masi.
What kind of eclipse it is
The solar eclipse of October 25 is part of the so-called Saros family, a series of eclipses separated by an interval of 6,585 days, equal to 18 years, 10 days and 8 hours (or 18 years, 11 days and 8 hours, depending on how many leap years fall in the time interval). All the eclipses that belong to the Saros family are very similar to each other, since the Moon is in roughly the same position relative to its own. node (the point, that is, where the orbit of our satellite intersects that of the Earth) and at the same distance from the Earth. Furthermore, Saros eclipses always occur more or less in the same year; moreover, the fact that the interval between one event and another is not equal to a whole number of days but offset by eight hours means that the Earth makes a third of a turn more than the previous eclipse each time , so that eclipses are always visible from different regions of the globe (each time we advance 120 ° to the west, to be precise).
Currently, about 40 series of Saros-type eclipses are underway, identified with a progressive number. That of 25 October 2022 is one Saros 124the fifty-fifth of the series: the first occurred on March 6, 1049 and the last, number seventy-three, will take place on March 11, 2347.
How to watch it
It is good to reiterate that looking at the sun with the naked eye is not a good idea, given that the light radiation (even the invisible one) can cause permanent damage to the sight even if the star is partially obscured. Do-it-yourself is therefore absolutely to be avoided: do not use old photographs, x-rays, smoked glass or sunglasses, which would expose you to unnecessary risks. Better buy special filters and glasses, also available online at a low price; alternatively, you can also use welder’s goggles, provided they have a protection index of at least 14, available in hardware stores. Or, again, you can make a hole in a cardboard, projecting the image on the ground or on a wall to enjoy the eclipse without looking directly at the Sun.
How to photograph it
Binoculars, cameras and telescopes are also at risk if adequate protection is not used. Binoculars and telescopes can be used with special filters, available online and in astronomical stores. For cameras there are specific filters, quite expensive, but which can also be useful for photographing sunspots. Experts also recommend manually adjusting focus and exposure, because the large amount of sunlight can fool the camera’s sensors. The expert in astronomical photos Andrew Fazekas advises to take two photos: one during the eclipse and one (in the same position as the first) at sunset, and then merge the two images in post-production and obtain one more similar to the real experience of the eclipse. However, the advice applies to total eclipses, and not to partial eclipses like the one on October 25th.
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