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Gender pay gap, or the difference in wages between men and women. In ItalyIn the 2021stands on average at 5%, obviously in favor of men. In the 27 countries of theEuropean Unioninstead, we arrive at 12.7%. A number, however, that needs some context.
What the indicator represents
Meanwhile, the data comes from Eurostat, which released them on the occasion of the8th of MarchInternational Women’s Day, and are current as of 2021. These numbers represent theunadjusted gender pay gapi.e. the difference between the hourly wage of a man and that of a woman, calculated as a percentage of the salary of the higher earner of the two. Yes, because there are also sectors and countries where men earn less. The figure is calculated on an annual basis and expressed as a percentage.
To give an example: if a man earns 50,000 euros the year and a woman 47,500the gender pay gap is equal to 5%. This is because i 2,500 euros of difference are equal to 5% of men’s hourly wages. It should be specified that this indicator does not take into account the level of education, the role in the company and the years of seniority. And which is based on a survey in which companies with fewer than ten employees are not invited to participate. Which excludes a large part of the Italian occupation, if one considers that, as Confartigianato points outThe 43.7% of workers in Italy are hired by a micro-enterprise, i.e. one of those companies with less than ten employees excluded from the survey.
The situation in Europe
As anticipated, if we look at the situation of the 27 countries of the European Union, things in Italy are not going so badly. In the sense that the Italian gender gap is the fifth lowest on a continental level. They only do better than us Romania, Slovenia, Poland And Belgiumwith values ranging from 3.6 and the 5%. Below is the full picture.
The worst data comes fromEstoniawhere men, net of all caveats, earn the 20.5% more than women. they follow theAustriawhere the salary difference is at 18.8% and the Germanycountry in which it arrives at 17.6%. By month aesthetic needs, the graph is missing Luxembourgwhich is the only European country where the gender pay gap, albeit very little, is in favor of women, who here earn the 0.2% more than their male colleagues.
The trend over time
How has the gender pay gap changed over the last decade? Both in Italy and in Europe, from 2012 to today there has been a a narrowing of the wage gap between men and womenas shown in the graph below, again on Eurostat data:
At European level, ten years ago the average difference between the earnings of men and women was equal to 16.4% and decreased in 2021 to 12.7%. A contraction equal to 3.7 percentage points. In Italy, on the other hand, it has gone from 6.5% of ten years ago at 5% recorded in 2021. In the period, the highest value was reached in 2013when he arrived at the 7%while the lowest one was seen in 2020when the pay gap between Italian men and women fell to 4.2%.
Not all sectors are the same
As mentioned, iThe 5% gender pay gap recorded in Italy in 2021 is an average value. The situation varies, and greatly, depending on the professional sector. There are fields, such as themining activityin which women earn the 5.2% more than their male colleagues. And others where the sector is far from the average, as the graph below shows.
The sector in which the gap between men and women is highest is that of entertainment world, where the first come to earn the 62.1% more than the latter. This is followed by professional activities with a gender pay gap of 23.9%finance and insurance with the 23.7% and healthcare with 21%. The most equitable sector is that of water and waste management, where the wage gap in favor of males is just 0.7%.
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