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Equipped with advanced and miniaturized subsystems within its 14 kilograms of total mass, thanks to a software based onartificial intelligence Argomoon will have to recognize the objects in its field of vision, it will autonomously carry out orbital and attitude maneuvers, to keep itself at the correct distance and capture images which, encrypted, it will send to the ground as soon as possible. “At that moment we will be about 40 thousand kilometers from the Earth – continues Avino – and once the position of the Icps has been identified, ArgoMoon will have to get close to start filming it. It will be a complex operation, given that usually the commissioning of a satellite – the commissioning – can take advantage of several days to check each on-board system. Instead, to start working ArgoMoon will have a few minutesin which he will have to activate his solar panels, figure out where he is and stabilize himself through one star tracker, then intercept the ICPS and collect it from a safe distance of 500 metres. It’s unprecedented.” ArgoMoon will be the first object made in Italy to fly to the Moon: “a little technological jewel” he defined it George Saccocciathe president of ASI.
With the cubesat four more satellites will be released from Argotec, while the last five will separate one at a time, at regular intervals for five hours in all. It is no coincidence that NASA has highlighted two, Lunar Icecube and Lunar Polar Hydrogen Mapper (or Luna HMap), which will study water deposits on the surface and in the lunar exosphere. As already written here, it is the index of how Artemis not only contemplates the participation of universities and small companies, but also new horizons of economic sustainability and exploitation of extraterrestrial resources. What many begin to refer to as the “lunar economy”.
Others will in fact be i cubesat dedicated to experiments on the Moon: MonIRby Lockheed Martin (a company which is also responsible for the creation of the Orion), will measure the thermal emission and the sunlight reflected by the selenic surface, while Omotenashifrom the Japan Space Agency, contains the smallest landers of history, intended to study the environment of our natural satellite. At the 2020GE characterization, a near Earth asteroid with a diameter of 18 meters, it will devote itself Nea Scout, of the Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, towed by a solar sail. Like ArgoMoon, Team Miles (Tampa) is instead a technological demonstrator and will test mini plasma thrusters. They’ll investigate the radiation BioSentinel (of the Californian Ames Research Center), which exploiting a unicellular yeast will measure the effects of a long exposure to deep space radiation, EQUULEUS(University of Tokyo), deputy for the study of the Earth’s plasmasphere, e CuSp (of the Southwest Research Institute in San Antonio), which will collect information on the solar wind and magnetic field, and will be released last, eight hours and three minutes after the lift-off.
The arrival in lunar orbit and the return
Orion’s Journey to the Moon it will last about five days, during which all systems of the capsule and of the European Service Module will be monitored. On November 21, Artemis 1 will pass within 100 kilometers of the lunar surface at which point the service module will fire the thrusters to place the system into its final orbit, which, if all goes well, will allow Orion to enter a stable orbit. It will be one of the so-called “Dro”, o Distant Retrograde Orbits. As the acronym suggests, that of Orion will be a “distant” orbit, i.e. one that is far away from our natural satellite: the mission profile, i.e. the “orbital itinerary”, foresees that at the furthest point, Orion and the service module arrive more than 70,000 kilometers from the lunar surface. The orbit will also be “retrograde,” which means that Orion will float around our satellite in the opposite direction to how the Moon does around the Earth.
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