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Propulsion technology represents a key element for the realization of advanced space missions, both as regards the exploration of the Moon and Mars, and as regards the transport of cargo and people to destinations even further away in deep space. To this end, engineers engaged in the study of new forms of propulsion at NASA, have developed and tested the first rotary detonation engineor also known as RDRE.
The operation of a rotary detonation engine is based on supersonic combustion, known as detonation, which allows for generate more thrust using less fuel than current propulsion systems. Of course, the management of detonations and supersonic waves that are generated inside a combustion chamber are very complex to manage, and therefore the project acquires even more importance given the state of progress.
This technology has been talked about since the 1950s, but to be honest, when it was theorized it seemed more utopian than real, at least until today. This type of engine could be used to power both human landers and interplanetary vehicles for the most distant destinations in space, such as the Moon and Mars, and could represent an alternative to other technologies currently under study, such as the nuclear thermal one of which we have recently spoken, or of that “chemistry” with classical combustion, which has always characterized all man-made rockets. For those wishing to refresh the functioning of a jet rocket, they will find bread for their teeth with the following link.
NASA Marshall Space Flight Center engineers and lead contributor IN Space LLC conducted a test firing on the RDRE in 2022, confirming the data obtained. The RDRE achieved its main goal by demonstrating that its equipment, made with 3D printing techniques, could operate for extended periods while withstanding the extreme conditions generated by detonations. During testing, the RDRE produced approximately 2 tons of thrust for approximately one minute with an average chamber pressure of 47 kg per square cm, the highest pressure level recorded for this type of engine.
The RDRE uses GRCop-42, a copper alloy developed by NASA, and the powder bed fusion process to allow the engine to operate in extreme conditions for longer periods.
The results obtained during the tests represent an important step towards the use of this technology on future spacecraft, which will allow NASA and the commercial space industry in general, to carry ever-increasing payloads to destinations in deep space, a fundamental element to make space exploration more sustainable.
Following the positive results obtained with the RDRE, NASA engineers are working to develop an even more powerful fully reusable RDRE engine, to further identify the performance advantages over traditional liquid engines. We leave you with the video of the incredible rotary detonation engine test.
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