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In the past few days we have written about the new images released by the James Webb Space Telescope which concerned the globular cluster Messier 92 (M92) or the spiral galaxies NGC 1365, NGC 1433 and NGC 7496. As we have stressed several times, these images are also appreciated by those who do not follow the world of astronomy as they are decidedly spectacular and suggestive (obviously with important scientific returns). But it’s not always like this.
The data of JWST extension they can also lead to less beautiful and evocative images aesthetically but equally important. One of the news that has “Been Around the Web” pertains to one in particular study (still in the process of editing final) published in Nature which deals with some galaxies particularly large and massive but also very old and which could change, at least in part, as we have “imagined” the evolution of the early Universe. As always, when it comes to such important assumptions and “upsetting” we will have to wait for new analyzes and further data before completely changing theories.
The James Webb Space Telescope and the massive galaxies at the origin of the Universe
It is not the first time that the data of the JWST extension are associated with these kinds of discoveries and hypotheses. After all, the ability to “see” in the infrared better than the other scientific instruments at our disposal, it allows to collect greater quantities of data relating to celestial objects with redshift (red shift) elevated and thus to delve into the early stages of the Universe.
Click on the image to enlarge
The study is available in Nature and has the title “A population of red candidate massive galaxies ~600 Myr after the Big Bang”. As pointed out by the scientists, what was discovered in the data collected by the James Webb Space Telescope they are galaxies of about 10 billion solar masses that would exist less than a billion years after the big Bang (in astronomical times, it is little) is an unusual fact.
In particular, we focused on six galaxies with these characteristics thanks to the data of Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science (CEERS) of the JWST extension. Of these, five would have a mass of about 10 billion solar masses while one would even have a mass of 100 billion solar masses. All with a redshift between 7.4 and 9 and therefore dating back to a period between 500 million years and 700 million years after the Big Bang.
Compared to other telescopes (Hubble, Spitzer) the use of the filter F410M Of NIR Cam allows for higher resolution. The most massive galaxy in the neo-group is the one called 38094 that would 100 billion solar masses it’s a redshift of 7.5. Surprisingly, this galaxy, although hypothetically very old, would be more massive than the current Milky Way. Near 38094 then there would be two other galaxies that could form a group. In general, for all these data it will be necessary to wait for spectroscopic confirmation.
As reported in the study “if the redshift and masses are correct, then the mass density in the most massive galaxies would exceed the previously estimated total mass density”. If the data were confirmed (and they still have to be) there would be a problem with the cosmological Lambda-CDM model. Scientists speculate that there may also be an underestimation of all other masses thus affecting how these galaxies fit into the landscape of the Universe at that age. It is generally thought that there may be more than one bias between data that may have been exaggerated due to some bias in the detection.
Help could come from NIRS spec of the James Webb Space Telescope. In this case it will be possible to measure the redshift more precisely and therefore have a better interpretation of the collected data. Nothing has been definitively clarified yet but new information will certainly be needed for something that would be very interesting.
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