The James Webb Space Telescope captures the Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte dwarf galaxy

For Halloween the scientists who work with the James Webb space telescope they had made a version “spectral” of the famous “pillars of creation” thanks to the data captured with the MIRI instrument (mid infrared). Earlier it had been possible to dig back in time to how young the Universe was to observe the celestial object MACS0647-JD (dating back to about 400 million years after the Big Bang). After a short pause, the attention has shifted in the direction of Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte dwarf galaxy (abbreviated to WLM).

Click on the image to enlarge

In particular, we focused only on a portion of this irregular dwarf galaxy by recording data through NIRCam (in the near infrared). As told byESA “The image demonstrates Webb’s extraordinary ability to resolve faint stars outside the Milky Way”. A new observation that may be useful to understand how the Universe has evolved over time as well as everything in it. Here’s what you need to know.

The James Webb Space Telescope and the Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte galaxy

As explained by the researchersthe motivation for the choice of WLM it is due to the composition of its gases which are similar to those that made up the early Universe, having few elements heavier than hydrogen and helium. This is not because there have been no episodes of star formation but because the exploding supernovae managed to push heavy elements out of a relatively small mass galaxy like WLM. The goal is to reconstruct the star formation of this galaxy and of low mass stars that can have a lifespan of billions of years (some WLM stars formed when the Universe was young).

It is also assumed that the Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte dwarf galaxy interacted little or nothing with other nearby galaxies thus giving information with less alteration to scientists. WLM is then located at 3 million light years from the Earth and thanks to JWST you can solve the single stars. Other galaxies that could have been candidates for observations have interacted in some way with the Milky Way making the study more difficult.

NIRCam of the James Webb space telescope used the filters F090W, F150W, F250M and F430M which correspond to 0.9 µm, 1.5 µm, 2.5 µm and 4.3 µm which were respectively assigned the colors blue, cyan, yellow and red to compose the final image (which is not what the human eye would see it).

To better understand the potential of JWST an image captured by the Spitzer telescope. In this case the 3.6 µm and 4.5 µm filters (respectively IRAC1 and IRAC2) were used, assigning them the colors cyan and orange. The differences are evident even to the less experienced, with the resolution of Webb which is far superior allowing a clearer view (and therefore also a better quality of the extractable and interpretable data). In the foreground there are some stars with the characteristics “signs” six-pointed JWST while in the background there are other galaxies.

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